The present invention is a new approach based on a progressive trapping
of the solar rays permitting an output of conversion until 60% for
converting the direct solar energy in electricity, either
a performance :
- 5 times better that the photovoltaic outputs,
- 2 times better that current solar concentrating power plants,
- neighbor of the one of the best thermal power stations.
The device to convert heat into electricity will be advantageously a SPRATL engine
1. Sizings and implantations
The
size of the hypethermal solartraps (1) can be very variable:
however, mirrors (5) of some
square meters permit an optimal captation of the solar flux.
Concentration
and optimal pipelining of the direct solar rays
Sizings with some square meter (m²) is
therefore sufficient to get on a clear day (solar flux of 1000 W /
m²) :
- a thermal power of a few thousands of Watt
- A mechanical power of 300 in 600 W / m² according to the
thermodynamic cycle and the quality of the motor and collector used.
- a hold to wind similar to the one of a parabola satellite
that doesn't entail particular diffuculties.
Schematic and exploded
view of the main components for the PHRSD: span
of some meters for the mirror (5)
downloadable
nomenclature (in French)
For industrial solar power plants,
one gets a solar
powerhouse of high output as juxtaposing the solar traps (1) on the
whole available surface, especially if each of them is equipped with a SPRATL engine
.
With
re-raising devices (36), mounted (or not) on rotary pedestals
(37), the phenomena of shade occuring in shaving impact of the
sun
during the sunrise and the sunshine are avoided :
Optimal rotary building for
captation of shaving
solar radiance: working in the zenith (15B), to the
sunrise / sunshine (15C) and
traditional solar field (15D)
The modular character of the power station will be especially
profitable in term of reliability and maintenance, because
:
- the simultaneous breakdown probability on all hyperthermal traps is
almost hopeless,
-
an
intervention on a trap makes itself while disconnecting it without
stopping the entire power station, with a weak influence
on its
total power as soon as the number of juxtaposed traps passes 10.
Such
plants will find their place particularly well in sunny and little
valorized areas, representing thousands of km² as the
crests
with very weak agricultural value, the seas and oceans or the deserts...
2. Regulation and management of the solar
production
Solar
ressource is huge but intermittent and irregular : the regulation of
the electric production of such power stations must be foreseen :
-
without storage of energy:
the network manages the irregularities while playing on the production
of other regulating power plants (notably thermal or hydraulic), as it
makes it currently to manage the irregularity of the wind power
stations,
-
with
storage of energy:
the hyperthermal traps has the advantage to permit an efficient and little costly thermal
storage of big size, since it will be sufficient to heat to about
1000°C, with the help of a coolant fluid and pipes of thermal
exchange (27,30), an important mass with good thermal capacity (29)
materials: rock, earth, sand, metals, water, specific fluid.
PHRSD to thermal storage :
the energy
accumulated in diurnal period
is released at will in nocturnal period
3. Some thermal and electric productions in
a very large range of powers
In
the
aim of an electric production of middle and high power (> 1 MW),
on
the basis of an output of 60%, it remains 40% of the
incidental
solar energy rejected under the shape of heat. Two options of cogeneration are
foreseeable :
-
cold source cooled little: rejecting a fluid at about 90°C and
more, permitting the
partial feeding of an urban heating,
-
cold source very cooled: rejecting a fluid at less of 25°C
permitting to
warm a greenhouse free all year to agricultural vocation, what
is currently impossible according to the seasons and/or the countries.
However,
the solar potential is
very important since,
with an output of thermoelectric conversion of 60% and 100 W /
m²
of yearly middle solar power and all type of installation is
foreseeable :
-
a
semi-industrial installation of 100 m² (either
10x10m) has an electric middle power of 6 kW well adapted for a
building of 15 apartments with 3 rooms
-
a
big installation of 900 km², in only one square of 30 km of
side,
or distributed in several islets in sea would produce 54 GW,
either the equivalent of 54 nuclear plants, what would double the
electric power installed in France.
These
off
shore platforms are quite foreseeable since they are mastered
extensively for years in the setting of oil extractions and that the
produced electricity can transit by submarine cables.
For an installation to domestic
use, one or several solar traps are
implantables on the roofs of the buildings or houses. The powers are then a lot weaker,
but amply sufficient to cover more the half of the electric needs, or
even the totality. On
the basis of 3500 kWh yearly by home, it represents a middle power of
400 W, what corresponds to the production of 4 parabolas of 150 cm of
diameter, with output 60% and illuminated by an average power of 100 W
/ m².
The device to convert heat into electricity will be advantageously a SPRATL engine
The domestic
cogeneration is also foreseeable while using the
air of the house, or its "hot" water like cold source. The
house receives in this case 2333 kWh thermal energy and 3500
kWh electric per year.
Finally, whatever is the type of
installation (industrial, semi-industrial or domestic),
when the hyperthermal
trap (1) heads for the
electric energy production,
the non reflecting face of its mirror collector (5) can be
covered with photovoltaic panels (33) that are the only
devices able to convert an indirect or diffuse solar radiance
directly into electricity.
Hybridization diffuse direct /
solar solar PHRSD: photovoltaic panel (33) on the towards
the mirror collector (22)
In
diurnal period, this conversion of the diffuse radiance will be
permanent whatever are the atmospheric conditions. However, if the
conditions become cloudy, and with an adequate orientating kinematics,
the mirror collector will be able to be toppled of
180° in
order to make the photovoltaic panels (33)
facing the clouds.
Such a machine, combining
a high output of electric conversion of the direct solar radiance
(thanks to its hyperthermal trap) and the optimal captation of
the
diffuse solar radiance (thanks to its photovoltaic panels), is
immediately classified
among the most efficient and adaptative helio-eleclric engines
for varied and respectful applications of the environment, that they
are industrial or to smaller scale.
4. Toward a
massive production of the ecological energizing vectors for the
XXIst century
