- EVALUATION PRODUCTION
- CO2
BALANCE
EVALUATION OF
PRODUCTION
To value the savings in CO2 dismissals, it is
necessary to estimate the electric production first. A certain number
of maps of the sunshine exists in France and 4 methods to value the
production of a solar installation.
METHOD n°1 :
DIRECT CALCULATION according to the
local solar irradiation and the yields of the installation.
Below, 2 cards of the solar energy received in France (WARNING : very
different from the produced electric energy!).
The project is oriented South South 20° East with a slope of
50° on
144 m² and therefore
the maps
above are directly
exploitable.
The photovoltaïc
output is worth : 15% x 0,75 = 11,25%
The current panels have an output of 15%, however, the 0,75 factor is
here because different effects generate losses :
- 5% of reflexion of solar rays,
- 15% because of the heating of
the panels, what diminuates the output,
- 5% of electric losses (cables, connexions and converters)
The surface hit by the
sun is worth 144 m².
With these hypotheses, the injected production on the
electric network is :
- by using the left map (3,9 kWh/m²/day)
: 3,9 x 365.25 x
144 x
0,1125 = 23 076 kWh
- by using the right map (1350 kWh/m²/year) :
1350
x
144 x
0,1125 = 21 870 kWh
METHOD n°2 :
INDIRECT CALCULATION according to the installed "kiloWatt
peak"
It
is necessary for it to know the installed peak
power.
The notion of kWp
(kilowatt peak) corresponds to the power delivered by
a panel of an adequate surface (depending on its efficiency)
and irradiated in very precise conditions (flux of 1000 W / m²
and solar light specter normalized AM 1,5).
One ordinarily admits that with the modern panels (2008), 9
m² of panel provide 1 kWp.
For an installation of 144 m², it makes 15,84 kWp.
Let's
keep the value of 16 kWp.
A map of the levels of kWh/kWp is thus necessary. Here are the data
taken from Hespul
And opposite, of other departmental data
source
These cards give an idea of the yearly electric production
of a photovoltaic plant of 1 kWp. All this data are to ponder by
the factor of orientation : 95%.
The photovoltaïc
farm of SYCOMOREEN
stays near the triple boundary Cantal / Puy de
Dôme / Haute Loire (15/63/43) and near of "1000 à
1100 kWh/kWc limit"
of the opposite map.
Considering the altitude
bringing a cool temperature, but also a slightly more intense
brightness :
- in our case, we keep : 1100 kWh/kWp,
- then the plant would
supply : 17 600 kWh
An
other way is the online-calculation taken from the simulator
PVGIS of European Commission which
computes 19 900 kWh
electric
for 16 kWp installed on our solar powerplant.
METHOD n°3 :
CALCULATION with a Professional
on a "specialized sofware", which computes various and precise
scientific and
financial evaluations (shadiness, subsidies ...)
example
: "Cap
Energy Pro ENR"
(N.B. this picture is only
an example and has no
link
with our project)
METHOD n°4 :
Assessment thanks to a database of photovotaic sites founded
on real yields
Since a few years, France begins to get experience thanks to the active
and voluntary involvement of some photovoltaic producers who register
their monthly productions. About
this topic, Sycomoreen recommends the consultation of :
CO2 BALANCE
Extracted from
Thermodynamique
de l'ingénieur: énergétique -
environnement
by Francis Meunier. Editeur: Dunod - Date of publication : Februar
12th, 2004
Values of
national averages for CO2 dismissals by electric kWh for
different countries
(source AIE)
Average of Europe of the
15 : 0,46 kg CO2 / kWh electric.
1. Sweden
: 0,04 kg CO2 / kWh él.
2. France : 0,09 kg CO2 / kWh
él.
3. Austria : 0,20
kg CO2 / kWh él.
4. Finland :
0,24 kg CO2 / kWh él.
5. Belgium : 0,29 kg CO2 / kWh él.
6. Spain : 0,48 kg
CO2 / kWh él.
7. Italia : 0,59
kg CO2 / kWh él.
8. Germany
: 0,60 kg CO2 / kWh
él.
9. Holland : 0,64 kg CO2 / kWh
él.
10. Greece
: 0,64 kg CO2 / kWh él.
11. United Kingdom : 0,64 kg CO2 / kWh
él.
12. Portugal : 0,64 kg CO2 / kWh él.
13. Ireland :
0,70 kg CO2 / kWh él.
14.
Denmark : 0,84 kg CO2 / kWh él.
15.
Luxembourg : 1,08 kg CO2 /
kWh él.
One will notice the excellent
swedish example (mainly hydraulic energy)
and also the very low values of France (nuclear 80% and hydraulics 15%)
The produced energy by the photovoltaïc barn
of SYCOMOREEN
is about 18 000 kWh / year
1 electric kWh with renewable origin
saves 0,46 kg of the
CO2 dismissals,
based on the european electric mix (needing 0,46 kg/kWh
electric consumed).
Thus, 8 300 kg / year of
CO2 dismissals are avoided.
like
an annual carbon well equivalent to the absorption CO2 from a
surface of a french wood of about 1,2 ha (12 000 m²).
1
hectare of french wood = 7 tons de CO2 yearly fixed,, IFN's evaluation
However, on 25 years of life span guaranteed, only 21 years
will be efficient for the carbon balance
according to outilssolaires.com
(4 years to pay back the CO2 costs for manufacturing and recycling the
photovoltaïc panels,
and the plants are often maintaining themselves over 30 years)
THUS,
THE PHOTOVOLTAIC BARN
REDUCES THE CO2 DISMISSALS
of at least 174
TONS
(on its
life span guaranteed of 25 years)
like the CO2 dismissals of 10 cars browsing 140 000 km
(based on 125 g CO2/ km)
Finally, this modest project
contributes to fulfill the European engagements taken by France
to hold at more than 20% the part of renewable energies
in her electric mix.
Let's not forget that the small
streams make the big rivers...
